Recent Comet Brightness Estimates

12P/Pons-Brooks
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 24.35, 4.9, 3.8' (C. Wyatt, 15x70 Binoculars; 30' tail in p.a. 93 deg);
    23.92, 4.2, 5' (M. Goiato, 20x100 Binoculars; 0.5° tail in p.a. 100 deg);
    23.83, 4.5, 5' (J. Navarro Pina, Mirador Cabezo Blanco ( Murcia , Spain ), 20x80 Binoculars);
    23.82, 4.7, 5' (J. Navarro Pina, Mirador Cabezo Blanco ( Murcia , Spain ), 20x80 Binoculars);
    23.35, 4.7, 3.9' (C. Wyatt, 15x70 Binoculars; 19.5' tail in p.a. 90 deg);
    22.35, 4.8, 3.7' (C. Wyatt, 15x70 Binoculars; 22' tail in p.a. 90 deg);
    21.92, 4.4, 5' (M. Goiato, 20x100 Binoculars; 0.3° tail in p.a. 95 deg);
    21.91, 4.4, 5' (W. Souza, 20x80 Binoculars; 0.25° tail in p.a. 90 deg);
    21.90, 4.4, 5' (W. Souza, 10x42.0 Binoculars);
    21.90, 4.5, 5' (A. Amorim, 10x50 Binoculars);
    21.83, 4.5, 4' (J. Navarro Pina, Sierra de Carrascoy ( Murcia , Spain ), 20x80 Binoculars);
    21.36, 4.5, 2.3' (C. Wyatt, 15x70 Binoculars; 9.2' tail in p.a. 89 deg);
    20.92, 4.3, 5' (M. Goiato, 20x100 Binoculars; 0.5° tail in p.a. 90 deg);
    20.89, 4.7, 3' (A. Amorim, 10x50 Binoculars);
    19.92, 4.3, 5' (M. Goiato, 20x100 Binoculars; 0.5° tail in p.a. 90 deg);
    19.90, 4.3, 5' (W. Souza, 7x50 Binoculars);
    19.90, 4.6, 4' (A. Amorim, 10x50 Binoculars);
    19.81, 4.5, 5' (V. Gonano, Udine, Italy, 10x50 Binoculars; 0.5° tail in p.a. 90 deg);
    19.36, 4.7, 5' (C. Wyatt, 15x70 Binoculars; 15' tail in p.a. 95 deg);
    18.92, 3.9, 4' (M. Goiato, 20x100 Binoculars);
    18.90, 4.3, 5' (A. Amorim, 10x50 Binoculars);
    17.90, 4.5, -- (S. de Souza, 0.06-m Refractor);
    16.82, 4.5, 5' (J. Navarro Pina, Molina de Segura ( Murcia ), 20x80 Binoculars);
    16.81, 4.5, 5' (V. Gonano, Udine, Italy, 10x50 Binoculars);
    15.74, 4.6, 5' (N. Virnina, Odessa, Ukraine, 15x50 Binoculars);
    15.46, 4.4, 5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x);
    14.82, 4.1, 4' (J. Navarro Pina, Mirador Cabezo Blanco ( Murcia , Spain ), 20x80 Binoculars);
    14.81, 4.1, 4' (V. Gonano, Udine, Italy, 10x50 Binoculars);
    14.46, 4.3, 6' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x);
    13.83, 4.6, 5' (C. Labordena, Culla, 10x50 Binoculars; 20' tail);
    13.81, 4.2, 5' (J. Navarro Pina, Mirador Cabezo Blanco ( Murcia , Spain ), 20x80 Binoculars);
    13.77, 4.4, 5' (P. Guzik, 10x42.0 Binoculars);
    13.47, 4.4, 5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.018-m Monocular 1x);
    13.46, 4.0, 5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x; 0.3° tail in p.a. 65 deg);
    13.45, 4.1, -- (K. Yoshimoto, 8x42.0 Binoculars; 1° tail in p.a. 70 deg);
    13.08, 6.0, -- (B. Young, Tulsa OK USA, 8x40 Binoculars);
    12.84, 4.2, 5' (J. Gonzalez Suarez, Collada de Aralla, 1500 m, Leon, 10x50 Binoculars; 1.2° tail in p.a. 50 deg);
    12.83, 4.1, 5' (V. Gonano, Udine, Italy, 10x50 Binoculars; 1.1° tail in p.a. 50 deg);
    12.82, 4.3, 5' (J. Navarro Pina, San Jose de la Montaña ( Murcia , Spain ), 20x80 Binoculars);
    12.77, 4.5, 4' (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 0.3-m Camera lens + CCD);
    12.77, 4.4, 5' (P. Guzik, 10x42.0 Binoculars);
    12.46, 4.1, 4' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x);
    12.12, 4.7, 6' (C. Hergenrother, 10x50 Binoculars);
    11.81, 4.1, 5' (J. Navarro Pina, Ribera de Molina ( Murcia ), 20x80 Binoculars);
    11.78, 4.2, 10' (M. Paradowski, Zalew Zemborzycki, Poland, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 25' tail in p.a. 55 deg);
    11.78, 4.2, 10' (M. Paradowski, Zalew Zemborzycki, Poland, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 25' tail in p.a. 55 deg);
    11.78, 4.5, 10' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 25' tail in p.a. 55 deg);
    11.78, 4.2, 5' (P. Guzik, 10x42.0 Binoculars);
    11.78, 4.1, 10' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 25' tail in p.a. 55 deg);
    11.78, 4.1, 10' (M. Paradowski, Zalew Zemborzycki, Poland, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 25' tail in p.a. 55 deg);
    11.77, [4.0, -- (M. Paradowski, Zalew Zemborzycki, Poland, 10x60 Binoculars);
    11.77, 4.1, 10' (M. Paradowski, Zalew Zemborzycki, Poland, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 20' tail in p.a. 55 deg);
    11.77, 4.1, 10' (M. Paradowski, Zalew Zemborzycki, Poland, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 20' tail in p.a. 55 deg);
    11.46, 4.3, 5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x);
    10.92, 4.2, 3' (M. Goiato, 20x100 Binoculars);
    10.90, 4.9, 13.2' (W. Kutschera, 0.08-m Refractor; 0.5° tail);
    10.82, 4.0, 5' (M. Meyer, 10x50 Binoculars);
    10.82, 4.7, 6' (A. Kammerer, Voelkersbach (Black Forest), Germany, 9x63.0 Binoculars; 0.6° tail in p.a. 50 deg);
    10.82, 4.5, -- (A. Russo, Gibraltar, 15x50 Binoculars);
    10.82, 4.3, 5' (V. Gonano, Udine, Italy, 10x50 Binoculars);
    10.81, 5.4, 16.5' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD; 0.6° tail in p.a. 51 deg);
    10.81, 4.5, 2' (V. Kasten, 15x50 Binoculars);
    10.81, 4.5, 7.2' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 0.42° tail in p.a. 48 deg);
    10.80, 4.3, 5' (J. Navarro Pina, San Jose de la Montaña ( Murcia , Spain ), 20x80 Binoculars);
    10.80, 4.0, -- (U. Pilz, 7x50 Binoculars);
    10.77, 4.0, 4' (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 0.3-m Camera lens + CCD);
    10.74, 4.5, 4' (N. Virnina, Odessa, Ukraine, 15x50 Binoculars);
    10.46, 4.5, 4' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x);
    10.43, 4.8, 3.5' (O. Miyazaki, 7x50 Binoculars; 16' tail in p.a. 57 deg);
    09.84, 4.1, 5' (C. Labordena, La Serra d Engarcera, 10x50 Binoculars; 40' tail);
    09.80, 4.0, 6' (J. Navarro Pina, San Jose de la Montaña ( Murcia , Spain ), 20x80 Binoculars);
    09.80, 4.5, 6' (J. Powichrowski, Knyszyn, 7x50 Binoculars);
    09.74, 4.8, 5' (N. Virnina, Odessa, Ukraine, 15x50 Binoculars);
    08.85, 3.8, 5' (J. Gonzalez Suarez, Santas Martas, 838 m, Leon, Naked eye);
    08.84, 3.9, 5' (J. Gonzalez Suarez, Santas Martas, 838 m, Leon, 10x50 Binoculars; 1.8° tail in p.a. 50 deg);
    08.82, 4.0, 5' (V. Gonano, Udine, Italy, 10x50 Binoculars; 1° tail in p.a. 50 deg);
    08.82, 4.3, -- (A. Russo, Gibraltar, 15x50 Binoculars);
    08.80, 3.8, 10' (J. Navarro Pina, San Jose de la Montaña ( Murcia , Spain ), 20x80 Binoculars; 1° tail);
    08.78, 4.2, 5' (P. Guzik, Naked eye);
    08.78, 4.3, 5' (P. Guzik, 10x42.0 Binoculars; 1° tail in p.a. 50 deg);
    08.77, 4.0, 4' (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 12x50 Binoculars);
    08.76, 3.7, 4' (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 0.3-m Camera lens + CCD);
    08.47, [4.7, 5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.018-m Monocular 1x);
    08.46, 4.3, 5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x; 0.5° tail in p.a. 48 deg);
    08.08, 5.5, -- (B. Young, Tulsa OK USA, 8x40 Binoculars);
    08.04, 4.1, 5' (B. Granslo, Kingston, ON, Canada, 10x42.0 Binoculars; 0.4° tail);
    07.82, 4.4, 10' (T. Csorgei, Bratislava, SK, 0.12-m Refractor; 1° tail in p.a. 60 deg);
    07.81, 4.5, -- (J. Warell, Lindby Observatory (K60), Skurup, Sweden, 7x50 Binoculars);
    07.78, 4.3, 6' (P. Guzik, 10x42.0 Binoculars; 1.4° tail in p.a. 50 deg);
    07.77, 4.3, 5' (M. Kwinta, 15x70 Binoculars; 1° tail in p.a. 53 deg);
    07.77, 4.0, 4' (T. Sciezor, 25x100 Binoculars; 23' tail in p.a. 50 deg);
    07.75, 4.4, 5' (N. Virnina, Odessa, Ukraine, 15x50 Binoculars);
    07.47, 4.3, 7' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.018-m Monocular 1x);
    07.46, 4.1, 5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x; 1° tail in p.a. 48 deg);
    06.81, 4.0, 8' (J. Powichrowski, Knyszyn, 7x50 Binoculars; 1° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    06.78, 3.5, 6' (S. Shurpakov, 0.07-m Refractor);
    06.78, 3.9, 20' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 1.4° tail in p.a. 44 deg);
    06.77, 4.4, 6' (M. Kwinta, 15x70 Binoculars; 1° tail in p.a. 50 deg);
    06.77, 4.1, 5' (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 0.3-m Camera lens + CCD);
    06.76, 4.2, 5' (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 12x50 Binoculars);
    06.46, 4.0, 6' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x; 0.6° tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    05.82, 4.2, 12' (T. Csorgei, Hortobágy, Hungary, 0.12-m Refractor; 1° tail in p.a. 50 deg);
    05.78, 3.9, 20' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 0.7° tail in p.a. 44 deg);
    05.78, 3.8, 10' (M. Paradowski, 7x50 Binoculars);
    05.78, 3.9, 20' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 0.28° tail in p.a. 57 deg);
    05.78, 4.0, 20' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 1.9° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    05.77, 4.2, 5' (P. Guzik, 10x42.0 Binoculars; 2° tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    05.76, 4.4, 7' (V. Gonano, Udine, Italy, 10x50 Binoculars; 1° tail in p.a. 50 deg);
    05.72, 4.3, 4' (A. Tsvetkov, Zavolzhye, 0.05-m Monocular 1x);
    05.46, 3.9, 3' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, Naked eye);
    05.46, 3.9, 7' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x; 1° tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    05.46, 4.0, 5.8' (K. Yoshimoto, 0.04-m Refractor + CCD; 40' tail in p.a. 60 deg);
    05.12, 4.4, 7' (C. Hergenrother, 10x50 Binoculars; 0.5° tail in p.a. 50 deg);
    05.08, 7.5, -- (B. Young, Tulsa OK USA, 8x40 Binoculars);
    04.81, 5.8, 14.7' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD; 29' tail in p.a. 47 deg);
    04.81, 4.1, -- (M. Meyer, 10x50 Binoculars);
    04.78, 4.6, 10.7' (P. Gajdos, Prešov, 0.01-m Camera lens + CCD; 0.47° tail in p.a. 57 deg);
    04.78, 4.0, 20' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 1.9° tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    04.78, 4.0, 20' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 1.9° tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    04.77, 3.8, 10' (M. Paradowski, 7x50 Binoculars);
    04.77, 3.9, 5' (P. Guzik, 10x42.0 Binoculars; 2.5° tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    04.77, 3.8, 6' (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 12x50 Binoculars);
    04.77, 3.9, 20' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 1.5° tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    04.76, 4.0, -- (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 0.01-m Naked eye);
    04.47, 3.8, 3' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, Naked eye);
    04.46, 4.0, 7' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x; 0.7° tail in p.a. 43 deg);
    04.11, 4.5, -- (S. Aguirre, Hermosillo, Sonora, 0.2-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    03.86, 4.3, 9.1' (M. Mašek, 0.25-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 17.8' tail in p.a. 44 deg);
    03.86, 4.8, 8.5' (M. Mašek, 0.25-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 18.4' tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    03.86, 4.0, 14.4' (M. Mašek, 0.25-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 18.4' tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    03.85, 4.0, 5' (B. Granslo, Bjerke, Oslo, Norway, 10x42.0 Binoculars);
    03.82, [3.7, 6' (M. Hamidi, Errachidia - Morocco, Nonex500 Binoculars; 0.6° tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    03.81, 4.0, -- (A. Russo, Gibraltar, 15x50 Binoculars);
    03.78, 4.2, 10' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 2° tail in p.a. 42 deg);
    03.77, 4.3, 7' (M. Paradowski, 7x50 Binoculars; 1.3° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    03.77, 3.7, 5' (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 0.3-m Camera lens + CCD; 30' tail);
    03.77, 3.8, 4' (G. Pappa, Pedara, Sicily, Italy, 12x50 Binoculars);
    03.77, 4.0, 5' (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 0.3-m Camera lens + CCD; 20' tail);
    03.74, 4.0, -- (N. Virnina, Odessa, 0.006-m Naked eye);
    03.73, 4.0, -- (N. Virnina, Odessa, 0.006-m Naked eye);
    03.53, 4.8, -- (J. Xiong, Daocheng, China(remote,O40), 0.203-m Newtonian + CCD);
    03.46, 4.5, 5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x; 0.3° tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    02.85, 4.4, 5' (B. Granslo, Hakadal, Norway, 10x42.0 Binoculars; 0.6° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    02.82, 4.7, 6' (M. Meyer, 10x50 Binoculars; 0.8° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    02.82, 4.7, -- (A. Russo, Gibraltar, 15x50 Binoculars);
    02.81, 4.5, 31' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 0.59° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    02.80, 4.5, 10' (G. Scheerle, 9x63.0 Binoculars; 0.8° tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    02.78, 5.0, 8' (T. Csorgei, Bratislava, 0.12-m Refractor; 50' tail in p.a. 50 deg);
    02.46, 4.8, 5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x);
    01.86, 4.9, 8.5' (M. Mašek, 0.25-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 15' tail in p.a. 42 deg);
    01.86, 5.7, 7.5' (M. Mašek, 0.25-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 6.5' tail in p.a. 44 deg);
    01.86, 5.3, 8' (M. Mašek, 0.25-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 14.5' tail in p.a. 43 deg);
    01.86, 4.9, 5' (J. Gonzalez Suarez, Sierra del Aramo, 1230 m, 10x50 Binoculars; 1.6° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    01.86, 4.5, 6' (B. Granslo, Hakadal, Norway, 10x42.0 Binoculars; 0.6° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    01.86, 4.9, -- (M. Collins, Everton, 0.05-m "small telescopes and finders" with aperture not exceeding 4 inches);
    01.86, 4.6, 6' (P. Pérez Corujo, Vega de San Mateo Gran Canaria, 20x80 Binoculars; 2° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    01.85, 4.6, 6' (P. Pérez Corujo, Vega de San Mateo Gran Canaria, 15x700 Binoculars; 2° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    01.85, 4.7, 5' (P. Pérez Corujo, Vega de San Mateo Gran Canaria, 7x50 Binoculars; 1.8° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    01.85, 4.8, 5' (J. Gonzalez Suarez, Sierra del Aramo, 1230 m, Naked eye);
    01.85, 4.9, 5' (V. Gonano, Udine, Italy, 10x50 Binoculars; 1.6° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    01.83, 4.8, 6' (A. Scholten, Eerbeek, 15x80 Binoculars; 1.2° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    01.82, 4.2, 13' (J. Chambó Bris, Valles, Valencia, Spain, 0.2-m Newtonian + CCD; 1° tail in p.a. 41 deg);
    01.82, 4.9, -- (A. Russo, Gibraltar, 15x50 Binoculars);
    01.81, 4.8, 8' (J. Navarro Pina, San Jose de la Montaña ( Murcia , Spain ), 20x80 Binoculars; 1° tail);
    01.81, 5.9, 14.7' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD; 26.1' tail in p.a. 39 deg);
    01.81, 4.8, 5' (M. Meyer, 10x50 Binoculars);
    01.81, 4.7, -- (A. Kammerer, Karlsruhe, Germany, 9x63.0 Binoculars; 0.7° tail in p.a. 35 deg);
    01.81, 4.7, 5' (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 0.102-m Maksutov);
    01.80, 5.0, 5' (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 12x50 Binoculars);
    01.78, 4.6, 5' (P. Guzik, 10x42.0 Binoculars; 0.8° tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    01.76, 4.8, 4' (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 0.075-m Camera lens + CCD);
    01.46, 4.7, 5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x);
mar 31.85, 5.1, 6' (D. Buczynski, Tarbatness MPC Code I81, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    31.84, 4.9, 8.8' (D. Heggie, Edinburgh, UK, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD; 0.9° tail in p.a. 41 deg);
    31.83, 4.8, 6' (C. Labordena, La Serra d Engarcera, 11x80 Binoculars; 50' tail);
    31.80, 5.2, 4' (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 0.075-m Camera lens + CCD);
    31.70, 4.9, -- (A. Tsvetkov, Zavolzhye, 0.05-m Monocular 1x);
    31.46, 4.8, 5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x; 0.4° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    31.12, 4.9, 6' (C. Hergenrother, 10x50 Binoculars);
    30.84, 5.0, 4' (J. Shanklin, 10x50 Binoculars; 30' tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    30.83, 4.7, 6' (G. van Buitenen, Brouwersdam, 11x70 Binoculars; 0.6° tail in p.a. 28 deg);
    30.82, 4.8, 5' (P. De Schrijver, Beert, 15x80 Binoculars; 23' tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    30.81, 4.8, -- (M. Deconinck, OAB - Observatoire Astronomique de Bauduen, 10x70 Binoculars);
    30.79, 4.8, 5' (P. Guzik, 10x42.0 Binoculars; 0.4° tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    30.78, 4.9, 5' (V. Mäkelä, Helsinki. Finland, 7x50 Binoculars);
    30.78, 4.8, 5' (S. Shurpakov, 20x110 Binoculars; 45' tail in p.a. 44 deg);
    30.46, 4.8, 5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x; 0.5° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    30.07, 7.5, 40' (B. Young, Tulsa OK USA, 8x40 Binoculars);
    29.86, 5.2, 4' (J. Shanklin, 10x50 Binoculars; 30' tail in p.a. 30 deg);
    29.84, 4.2, -- (M. Collins, Everton, 0.05-m "small telescopes and finders" with aperture not exceeding 4 inches);
    29.82, 4.7, 9' (M. Filipek, 7x50 Binoculars);
    29.81, 4.9, 7' (J. Powichrowski, Knyszyn, 7x50 Binoculars);
    29.80, 5.0, 10' (J. Navarro Pina, San Jose de la Montaña ( Murcia , Spain ), 20x80 Binoculars);
    29.80, 4.7, 10' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 1.5° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    29.79, 4.8, 7' (M. Paradowski, 7x50 Binoculars; 1.5° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    29.46, 4.8, 5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x; 0.8° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    29.44, 4.8, -- (K. Yoshimoto, 8x42.0 Binoculars; 1.5° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    29.43, 4.8, 6.2' (Y. Yamaguchi, 0.076-m Refractor + CCD);
    29.42, 4.8, 7' (S. Yoshida, 0.066-m Refractor; 0.4° tail in p.a. 50 deg);
    28.84, 4.7, 4' (C. Harder, Jeersdorf f, 0.252-m Newtonian; 30' tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    28.83, 4.8, 5' (G. van Buitenen, Dordrecht, NL, 11x70 Binoculars; 0.3° tail in p.a. 28 deg);
    28.83, 4.9, 5' (P. De Schrijver, Beert, 10x50 Binoculars; 30' tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    28.82, 4.8, 5' (A. Kammerer, Karlsruhe, Germany, 9x63.0 Binoculars; 0.7° tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    28.82, 4.9, 6' (M. Meyer, 10x50 Binoculars; 0.5° tail);
    28.82, 5.0, 6' (A. Scholten, Eerbeek, 8x56.0 Binoculars; 0.5° tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    28.82, 4.5, 20' (M. Deconinck, Artignosc-sur-Verdon, Provence, France, 25x120 Binoculars; 3° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    28.81, 6.2, 14.7' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD; 26.5' tail in p.a. 39 deg);
    28.80, 4.6, -- (G. Scheerle, 0.007-m Naked eye);
    28.80, 4.6, 28' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 0.9° tail in p.a. 16 deg);
    28.80, 4.6, 7' (G. Scheerle, 0.235-m Schmidt-Cassegrain; 0.5° tail in p.a. 50 deg);
    28.80, 4.6, 10' (G. Scheerle, 9x63.0 Binoculars; 1.8° tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    28.79, 4.8, 7' (M. Paradowski, 7x50 Binoculars; 1.2° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    28.79, 4.5, -- (W. Hasubick, 0.008-m Naked eye);
    28.79, 4.6, 4.4' (W. Hasubick, 10x50 Binoculars);
    28.78, 4.8, 6' (V. Gonano, Udine, Italy, 10x50 Binoculars; 0.7° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    28.78, 4.8, 10' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 1.4° tail in p.a. 33 deg);
    28.78, 4.8, 6' (P. Guzik, 10x42.0 Binoculars; 1.6° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    28.78, 4.8, 10' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 1.4° tail in p.a. 33 deg);
    28.77, 4.8, 10' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 1.4° tail in p.a. 34 deg);
    28.77, 4.7, 7.3' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 0.8° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    28.77, 5.0, 5' (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 0.05-m Camera lens + CCD);
    28.12, 4.9, 6' (C. Hergenrother, 10x50 Binoculars; 0.4° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    27.83, 4.9, 5' (J. Shanklin, 10x50 Binoculars; 20' tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    27.83, 5.0, 4' (J. Shanklin, 8x42.0 Binoculars);
    27.78, 5.0, 9' (J. Powichrowski, Knyszyn, 7x50 Binoculars);
    27.78, 4.8, 5' (S. Shurpakov, 0.07-m Refractor; 30' tail in p.a. 26 deg);
    27.77, 5.0, 7.3' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 0.83° tail in p.a. 30 deg);
    27.76, 4.8, 7' (M. Paradowski, 7x50 Binoculars);
    27.76, 4.8, 4.8' (S. Shurpakov, 8x30 Binoculars);
    27.74, 4.6, 12' (A. Balashov, Nizhny Novgorod, 0.042-m Camera lens + CCD; 1.5° tail);
    27.71, 5.3, 3.5' (A. Tsvetkov, Zavolzhye, 0.05-m Monocular 1x);
    27.65, 5.5, 7.2' (M. Odeh, 0.127-m Refractor + CCD; 1° tail in p.a. 31 deg);
    27.42, 5.0, 7.2' (O. Miyazaki, 7x50 Binoculars; 45' tail in p.a. 30 deg);
    27.07, 7.5, -- (B. Young, Tulsa OK USA, 8x40 Binoculars);
    27.07, 7.5, -- (B. Young, Tulsa OK USA, 8x40 Binoculars);
    26.86, 5.6, 6.6' (D. Buczynski, Tarbatness MPC Code I81, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    26.80, 4.7, -- (W. Hasubick, 0.008-m Naked eye);
    26.80, 4.9, 6' (M. Meyer, 10x50 Binoculars);
    26.80, 5.0, 7' (J. Powichrowski, Knyszyn, 7x50 Binoculars);
    26.79, 4.1, 12' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    26.78, 4.7, 2.9' (W. Hasubick, 10x50 Binoculars);
    26.77, 4.9, 7.3' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD; 0.6° tail in p.a. 34 deg);
    26.77, 4.7, 7.3' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD);
    26.76, 4.8, 7' (M. Paradowski, 7x50 Binoculars);
    26.75, 5.0, 5' (S. Shurpakov, 0.07-m Refractor);
    26.75, 5.0, 5' (S. Shurpakov, 8x30 Binoculars);
    26.47, 4.8, 7' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.05-m Monocular 1x);
    25.83, 4.5, 5' (U. Pilz, 8x25.0 Binoculars; 0.25° tail in p.a. 27 deg);
    25.83, 5.2, 3.8' (V. Kasten, 15x50 Binoculars);
    25.83, 5.0, 6' (C. Harder, Jeersdorf f, 0.1-m Newtonian; 55' tail in p.a. 45 deg);
    25.82, 5.2, 4' (A. Kammerer, Karlsruhe, Germany, 9x63.0 Binoculars);
    25.81, 5.1, 18' (T. Lehmann, Weimar, 0.279-m Newtonian + CCD; 1° tail in p.a. 9 deg);
    25.80, 5.0, 7' (A. Scholten, Bussloo, 15x80 Binoculars);
    25.80, 5.1, 18' (T. Lehmann, Weimar, 0.279-m Newtonian + CCD; 1.1° tail in p.a. 10 deg);
    25.79, 4.6, 8' (G. Scheerle, 0.235-m Schmidt-Cassegrain; 0.4° tail in p.a. 40 deg);
    25.79, 4.6, -- (G. Scheerle, 0.007-m Naked eye);
    25.79, 4.9, 5' (M. Meyer, 10x50 Binoculars; 0.3° tail in p.a. 35 deg);
    25.79, 4.6, 11' (G. Scheerle, 9x63.0 Binoculars; 1.4° tail in p.a. 30 deg);
    25.78, 5.3, 7' (T. Csorgei, Bratislava, SK, 0.12-m Refractor; 15' tail in p.a. 35 deg);
    25.78, 5.0, 5' (S. Shurpakov, 0.07-m Refractor);
    25.78, 4.9, -- (W. Hasubick, 10x50 Binoculars);

13P/Olbers
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 17.44, 9.8, 2.9' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    14.80, 9.9, 2.5' (J. Powichrowski, Knyszyn, 0.35-m Newtonian);
    14.48, 9.7, 2' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.114-m Newtonian);
    13.86, 10.3, 3' (C. Labordena, Culla, 0.2-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    12.86, 9.2, 3' (J. Gonzalez Suarez, Collada de Aralla, 1500 m, Leon, 20x80 Binoculars);
    12.80, 10.5, -- (T. Csorgei, Blahová, 0.28-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    12.49, 10.0, 3' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.114-m Newtonian);
    11.83, 9.8, 4.8' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    11.37, 9.8, 5.1' (C. Wyatt, 0.25-m Newtonian);
    10.83, 10.0, 2.7' (C. Harder, Jeersdorf f, 0.531-m Newtonian);
    10.83, 9.4, 3.5' (M. Meyer, 0.152-m Refractor);
    10.81, 9.9, 1' (U. Pilz, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    10.44, 10.3, 1.7' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    09.85, 10.4, 3' (C. Labordena, La Serra d Engarcera, 0.2-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    08.89, 9.5, 3' (J. Gonzalez Suarez, 0.203-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    08.87, 9.8, 5.5' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    07.79, 9.7, 3' (P. Guzik, 25x100 Binoculars);
    07.78, 10.3, 1.5' (M. Kwinta, 0.3-m Newtonian);
    07.39, 10.1, 4' (M. Mattiazzo, Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia, 0.07-m Camera lens + CCD);
    06.78, 10.3, 1.5' (M. Kwinta, 0.3-m Newtonian);
    05.79, 9.9, 3' (P. Guzik, 25x100 Binoculars);
    05.76, 10.2, 3' (A. Balashov, Nizhny Novgorod, 0.042-m Camera lens + CCD);
    05.50, [10.8, 1' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.114-m Newtonian);
    04.79, 10.0, 3' (P. Guzik, 25x100 Binoculars);
    04.40, 10.2, 4' (M. Mattiazzo, Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia, 0.07-m Camera lens + CCD);
    03.10, 10.4, 1.3' (D. Zubenel, De Soto, Kansas., 0.318-m Newtonian);
    02.44, 10.4, 2.8' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    02.14, 10.5, 4.5' (K. Yoshimoto, 0.431-m Newtonian + CCD; 5' tail in p.a. 100 deg);
    01.77, 10.5, 1' (G. Pappa, Pedara,Sicily,Italy, 0.3-m Camera lens + CCD);
mar 30.80, 10.0, 3' (P. Guzik, 25x100 Binoculars);
    29.80, 10.2, 3.3' (M. Paradowski, 0.034-m Camera lens + CCD);
    29.44, 10.4, 2.9' (Y. Yamaguchi, 0.076-m Refractor + CCD);
    29.41, 10.4, 4' (M. Mattiazzo, Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia, 0.07-m Camera lens + CCD);
    28.82, 10.1, 9.8' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    28.80, 10.7, 2' (M. Meyer, 0.254-m Newtonian);
    28.78, 10.4, 2' (G. Scheerle, 0.235-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    28.41, 10.5, 4' (M. Mattiazzo, Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia, 0.07-m Camera lens + CCD);
    27.43, 11.1, 2.9' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);

29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 14.87, 13.2, 2.8' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    13.87, 13.2, 2.8' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    12.88, 15.6, -- (T. Csorgei, Blahová, 0.28-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    11.99, 13.2, 2.8' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    11.94, 12.1, 8' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    10.95, 12.8, 1.2' (W. Kutschera, 0.508-m Newtonian);
    10.88, 13.5, 3.7' (M. Lošťák, 0.2-m Newtonian + CCD);
    10.85, 13.2, 1.8' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD);
    10.84, 11.9, 8.5' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    10.39, 14.1, 0.8' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    09.91, 12.8, 5.1' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    08.99, 12.7, 3.9' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    07.41, 14.0, 1.2' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    06.90, 12.7, 4.4' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    04.41, 13.3, 2' (M. Mattiazzo, Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia, 0.07-m Camera lens + CCD);
    03.92, 11.9, 5.5' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD);
    02.88, 12.1, 8' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    01.89, 13.0, 2.1' (D. Heggie, ASERO, Trevinca, Spain, 0.303-m Newtonian + CCD);
mar 31.88, 11.8, 9.5' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    30.87, 14.1, 0.6' (D. Heggie, Aldclune, Perthshire, UK, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD);
    29.82, 13.2, 1.13' (N. Quinn, 0.28-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    28.91, 12.9, 4.6' (M. Lošťák, 0.2-m Newtonian + CCD);
    28.85, 12.3, 5.5' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    28.85, 11.6, 1.5' (G. Scheerle, 0.235-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    28.84, 12.8, 2.6' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD);
    27.95, 13.2, 3.01' (K. Hills, 0.5-m Newtonian + CCD);
    25.89, 12.8, 2.2' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD);

32P/Comas Sola
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 11.86, 14.1, 1.8' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 1.3' tail in p.a. 87 deg);
    08.93, 15.2, 0.6' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);

37P/Forbes
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 01.07, 18.4, 0.38' (K. Hills, 0.5-m Newtonian + CCD);

62P/Tsuchinshan
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 16.72, 13.4, 2.4' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    14.55, 13.4, 2.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    12.84, 15.7, -- (T. Csorgei, Blahová, 0.28-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    11.99, 11.8, 5.3' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    11.52, 13.3, 2.4' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    10.98, 12.5, 5.5' (M. Lošťák, 0.2-m Newtonian + CCD);
    10.92, 12.5, 3.7' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD; 7.9' tail in p.a. 294 deg);
    10.51, 13.1, 2.4' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    10.43, 11.4, 4.3' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    09.59, 12.2, 3.5' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    09.54, 13.5, 1.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    09.01, 11.9, 5.8' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    08.54, 12.8, 2.4' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    07.54, 12.8, 2.7' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    07.48, 11.4, 5' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    06.94, 11.8, 6.4' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    06.54, 13.4, 1.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    05.54, 13.2, 2.4' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    04.57, 12.2, 5' (M. Mattiazzo, Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia, 0.07-m Camera lens + CCD);
    04.53, 13.2, 2.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    03.53, 12.9, 2.7' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    02.88, [10.9, 2' (M. Biely, Czech Republic, Brno, 20x80 Binoculars);
    02.54, 13.5, 1.3' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    01.57, 12.6, 1.5' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    01.51, 12.7, 1.7' (Y. Yamaguchi, 0.076-m Refractor + CCD);
    01.04, 11.4, 6.77' (K. Hills, 0.5-m Newtonian + CCD);
    01.02, 11.9, 7' (J. Chambó Bris, Valles, Valencia, Spain, 0.2-m Newtonian + CCD; 27' tail in p.a. 293 deg);
mar 31.97, 10.5, 15' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 0.28° tail in p.a. 291 deg);
    30.55, 13.1, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    28.98, 10.9, 9.4' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 0.17° tail in p.a. 291 deg);
    28.90, 10.4, 6' (G. Scheerle, 0.235-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    28.89, 12.0, 3.7' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD; 10.7' tail in p.a. 294 deg);
    28.55, 12.1, 1.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    27.55, 13.2, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);

65P/Gunn
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 13.59, 16.6, 0.4' (K. Yoshimoto, 0.203-m Ritchey-Chretien + CCD; 0.4' tail in p.a. 290 deg);
    12.86, 17.7, -- (T. Csorgei, Blahová, 0.28-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    11.01, 17.2, 0.6' (M. Lošťák, 0.2-m Newtonian + CCD);
    10.93, 15.8, 0.7' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD);
    09.03, 16.8, 0.4' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    06.98, 16.4, 0.7' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    01.11, 17.0, 0.38' (K. Hills, 0.5-m Newtonian + CCD);

103P/Hartley
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
mar 27.97, 18.1, 0.38' (K. Hills, 0.5-m Newtonian + CCD);

144P/Kushida
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 22.51, 12.4, 2.7' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    21.51, 12.1, 2.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    20.85, 15.1, 0.62' (S. Shurpakov, 0.41-m Newtonian);
    20.47, 13.3, 1.3' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    19.47, 12.0, 2' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    18.85, 13.0, 1.5' (H. Kiiskinen, 0.4-m Ritchey-Chretien + CCD);
    18.47, 12.0, 2.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    13.50, 12.9, 1.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    12.83, 14.3, -- (T. Csorgei, Blahová, 0.28-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    11.90, 10.8, 12' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    11.48, 12.7, 1.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    11.45, 11.5, 2.6' (C. Wyatt, 0.25-m Newtonian);
    10.93, 10.7, 3.3' (W. Kutschera, 0.25-m Newtonian);
    10.86, 11.5, 7' (M. Lošťák, 0.2-m Newtonian + CCD);
    10.84, 10.9, 3.8' (C. Harder, Jeersdorf f, 0.531-m Newtonian);
    10.82, 11.1, 2' (U. Pilz, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    10.51, 11.7, 2.5' (Y. Yamaguchi, 0.076-m Refractor + CCD);
    10.48, 12.9, 1.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    10.36, 11.5, 2.7' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    09.83, 15.3, 0.53' (S. Shurpakov, 0.41-m Newtonian);
    09.57, 11.4, 2.4' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    09.50, 12.6, 2.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    08.95, 11.5, 4.9' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    08.50, 12.6, 1.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    07.46, 11.8, 3.2' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    06.86, 10.6, 9.5' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    06.49, 13.1, 1.3' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    05.49, 12.5, 1.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    04.80, 11.2, 4' (P. Guzik, 25x100 Binoculars);
    04.50, 12.9, 1.3' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    03.50, 12.5, 1.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    02.88, [10.4, 3' (M. Biely, Czech Republic, Brno, 20x80 Binoculars);
    02.50, 12.8, 1.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    02.46, 11.4, 1.3' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    01.83, 10.8, 3' (M. Meyer, 0.152-m Newtonian);
    01.55, 12.2, 1.1' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
mar 31.96, 11.8, 4' (J. Chambó Bris, Valles, Valencia, Spain, 0.2-m Newtonian + CCD);
    31.49, 12.9, 1.3' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    30.81, 11.0, 3' (P. Guzik, 25x100 Binoculars);
    30.49, 12.1, 2.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    29.85, 15.2, 0.38' (N. Quinn, 0.28-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    29.50, 12.6, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    29.41, 11.4, 4' (M. Mattiazzo, Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia, 0.07-m Camera lens + CCD);
    28.89, 10.3, 12' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    28.85, 11.7, 4.6' (M. Lošťák, 0.2-m Newtonian + CCD);
    28.83, 10.4, 3.2' (C. Harder, Jeersdorf f, 0.252-m Newtonian);
    28.82, 10.0, 8' (G. Scheerle, 0.235-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    28.81, 10.9, 2.5' (M. Meyer, 0.254-m Newtonian);
    28.50, 12.6, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    27.50, 11.9, 2.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    27.45, 11.5, 2.7' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    26.82, 10.3, 10' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);

207P/NEAT
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 16.47, 16.7, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    14.49, 16.3, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    13.48, 16.0, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    11.48, 16.0, 0.7' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    10.90, 15.7, 0.7' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD);
    10.53, 15.6, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    07.52, 15.8, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    05.51, 15.7, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    03.48, 15.1, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    02.48, 15.8, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
mar 31.50, 15.8, 0.4' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    31.42, 15.2, 1' (M. Mattiazzo, Swan Hill, Victoria, 0.28-m Schmidt reflector + CCD);
    30.48, 15.8, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    28.55, 16.1, 0.4' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    27.55, 15.5, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);

216P/LINEAR
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 01.06, 18.7, 0.38' (K. Hills, 0.5-m Newtonian + CCD);

227P/Catalina-LINEAR
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 10.94, 16.3, 0.7' (M. Lošťák, 0.2-m Newtonian + CCD);
    10.88, 15.7, 1' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 0.4' tail in p.a. 133 deg);
    02.94, 15.6, 1.1' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 1' tail in p.a. 114 deg);
mar 29.03, 15.4, 1.1' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 0.5' tail in p.a. 127 deg);
    26.86, 15.3, 1.3' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 1.3' tail in p.a. 122 deg);

362P
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 18.77, 17.5, 0.3' (K. Yoshimoto, 0.203-m Ritchey-Chretien + CCD);

479P/Elenin
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 22.47, 13.9, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    21.53, 13.0, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    20.50, 14.2, 0.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    19.50, 13.9, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    18.49, 13.5, 1.3' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    17.49, 13.9, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    16.58, 14.0, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    14.51, 14.0, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    13.50, 13.6, 1.3' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    12.88, 16.5, -- (T. Csorgei, Blahová, 0.28-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    11.49, 14.0, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    10.52, 14.0, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    10.40, 11.3, 2.3' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    09.51, 14.6, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    08.51, 14.3, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    07.50, 14.4, 1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    06.49, 14.9, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    05.53, 14.8, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    04.51, 15.1, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    03.50, 14.8, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    02.50, 14.3, 0.4' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
mar 31.49, 14.2, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    30.50, 14.3, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    28.57, 14.7, 0.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    27.57, 15.1, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);

C/2017 K2 (PANSTARRS)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 12.80, 16.6, -- (T. Csorgei, Blahová, 0.28-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    10.37, 14.1, 1.5' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    08.89, 14.1, 1.1' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    07.40, 14.2, 0.6' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    02.84, 14.0, 1.8' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 0.9' tail in p.a. 139 deg);
mar 31.48, 14.7, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    30.82, 14.6, 0.23' (J. Vincent, South Woodham Ferrers UK, 0.305-m Newtonian + CCD);
    30.49, 14.6, 0.4' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    29.49, 13.8, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    28.49, 14.6, 0.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    27.49, 14.8, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);

C/2019 T4 (ATLAS)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 16.13, 15.9, 0.8' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    12.05, 16.3, 0.6' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);

C/2019 U5 (PANSTARRS)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 21.52, 14.8, 0.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    20.47, 14.4, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    19.48, 14.5, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    18.48, 14.1, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    17.48, 14.7, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    16.48, 14.5, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    15.57, 14.9, 0.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    14.50, 14.9, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    13.52, 14.7, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    11.49, 14.8, 0.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    10.49, 14.7, 0.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    10.43, 14.7, 0.6' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    09.48, 14.7, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    08.49, 14.6, 0.7' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    07.50, 14.7, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    07.44, 14.4, 0.6' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    06.50, 14.8, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    05.49, 14.7, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    04.48, 14.7, 0.7' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    03.51, 14.9, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    02.51, 14.2, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
mar 31.49, 14.6, 0.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    30.50, 14.3, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    29.50, 14.7, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    28.49, 14.8, 0.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    27.50, 14.6, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);

C/2020 F2 (ATLAS)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 01.14, 18.5, 0.38' (K. Hills, 0.5-m Newtonian + CCD);

C/2020 K1 (PANSTARRS)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 21.52, 15.4, 0.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    20.47, 15.6, 0.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    19.47, 15.6, 0.7' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    18.47, 15.3, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    17.47, 15.6, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    16.47, 15.2, 0.7' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    14.49, 15.3, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.1' tail in p.a. 193 deg);
    13.49, 15.3, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    11.48, 15.3, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.9' tail in p.a. 190 deg);
    10.48, 15.4, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.7' tail in p.a. 191 deg);
    10.41, 15.1, 0.5' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    09.48, 15.4, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1' tail in p.a. 193 deg);
    08.48, 15.5, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    07.49, 15.3, 0.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.5' tail in p.a. 198 deg);
    07.44, 15.1, 0.3' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    06.48, 15.5, 0.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    05.48, 15.0, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 0.9' tail in p.a. 195 deg);
    03.49, 15.2, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.1' tail in p.a. 194 deg);
    02.49, 15.8, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
mar 30.49, 15.4, 0.4' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    29.48, 15.3, 0.4' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    28.48, 15.2, 0.7' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    27.49, 15.4, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);

C/2021 G2 (Atlas)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 21.68, 13.6, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD);
    21.54, 13.7, 1.3' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.5' tail in p.a. 267 deg);
    20.68, 13.8, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD);
    20.49, 14.0, 1.2' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    19.49, 13.7, 1.3' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 2.1' tail in p.a. 256 deg);
    18.49, 13.6, 1.3' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.4' tail in p.a. 256 deg);
    17.68, 13.8, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD);
    17.51, 13.7, 1.2' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    16.69, 13.7, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD);
    16.49, 13.7, 1.2' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 2' tail in p.a. 254 deg);
    15.69, 14.0, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD);
    14.69, 13.9, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD);
    14.52, 13.8, 1.4' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.7' tail in p.a. 251 deg);
    13.54, 13.8, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 0.9' tail in p.a. 251 deg);
    12.01, 13.9, 0.8' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    11.50, 13.9, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.4' tail in p.a. 258 deg);
    10.50, 13.9, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 3.7' tail in p.a. 260 deg);
    10.41, 13.9, 0.9' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    09.48, 13.8, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    08.50, 14.0, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    07.52, 13.9, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 2.2' tail in p.a. 262 deg);
    07.45, 13.7, 0.6' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    06.50, 13.9, 0.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    05.51, 13.7, 1.3' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.3' tail in p.a. 255 deg);
    04.50, 13.8, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    03.52, 13.7, 1.3' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.1' tail in p.a. 255 deg);
    02.51, 14.0, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
mar 31.51, 14.3, 0.7' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    30.51, 14.0, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 0.7' tail in p.a. 274 deg);
    28.51, 13.9, 0.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    27.52, 13.6, 0.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);

C/2021 S3 (PANSTARRS)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 18.81, 11.0, 1.7' (K. Yoshimoto, 0.203-m Ritchey-Chretien + CCD; 18' tail in p.a. 255 deg);
    18.76, 11.3, 2' (C. Wyatt, 0.25-m Newtonian);
    18.15, 10.5, -- (G. van Buitenen, Dordrecht, NL (G06), 0.203-m Ritchey-Chretien + CCD);
    17.75, 10.9, 1.9' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    17.05, 10.6, 2' (A. Scholten, Eerbeek, 0.2-m Newtonian);
    17.05, 9.9, 1.8' (M. Collins, Everton, 0.254-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    16.15, 10.1, 4.5' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    15.72, 11.1, 1.2' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    15.07, 10.8, 2.1' (M. Collins, Everton, 0.254-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    13.71, 11.2, 1.7' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    13.04, 10.8, 1.5' (M. Kwinta, 0.3-m Newtonian);
    12.77, 10.7, 1.2' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    12.11, 10.3, 4.1' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    12.07, 10.5, 5.2' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 0.56° tail in p.a. 251 deg);
    12.04, 10.8, 1.6' (M. Kwinta, 0.3-m Newtonian);
    11.09, 10.7, 1.5' (M. Mašek, 0.2-m Newtonian);
    10.99, 10.2, 3' (M. Meyer, 0.152-m Refractor);
    10.76, 10.6, 1.6' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    10.04, 10.6, 1.1' (M. Collins, Everton, 0.254-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    09.77, 10.4, 1.6' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    09.16, 9.9, 4.1' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    09.03, 10.3, 2.5' (E. Banach, 0.25-m Newtonian);
    07.07, 10.4, 4.9' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 0.46° tail in p.a. 247 deg);
    07.05, 10.4, 4.5' (M. Paradowski, 0.075-m Refractor + CCD);
    07.04, 10.5, 4.5' (M. Paradowski, 0.075-m Refractor + CCD);
    05.87, [10.2, 2' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.114-m Newtonian);
    03.00, 9.8, 2' (M. Biely, Czech Republic, Brno, 20x80 Binoculars);
    02.87, 11.6, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 2.5' tail in p.a. 250 deg);
    01.74, 10.4, 2.3' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
mar 31.83, 10.5, 1' (J. Xiong, Daocheng, China(remote,O40), 0.203-m Newtonian + CCD);
    29.09, 9.7, 9.7' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 0.45° tail in p.a. 243 deg);
    28.99, 10.5, 2' (A. Balashov, Nizhny Novgorod, 0.042-m Camera lens + CCD);
    27.86, 10.7, 2.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 4.7' tail in p.a. 244 deg);

C/2021 T4 (Lemmon)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 13.06, 16.0, 0.7' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD);
    12.86, 17.7, -- (T. Csorgei, Blahová, 0.28-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    11.08, 17.0, 0.6' (M. Lošťák, 0.2-m Newtonian + CCD);
    10.95, 16.5, 0.7' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD; 0.7' tail in p.a. 127 deg);
    09.05, 17.6, 0.4' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    01.13, 17.6, 0.38' (K. Hills, 0.5-m Newtonian + CCD);

C/2022 E2 (ATLAS)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 22.06, 13.9, -- (R. Ang, 0.114-m Newtonian + CCD);
    20.81, 14.0, 0.38' (S. Shurpakov, 0.41-m Newtonian; 0.8' tail in p.a. 98 deg);
    12.81, 15.3, -- (T. Csorgei, Blahová, 0.28-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    11.81, 14.5, 0.55' (S. Shurpakov, 0.2-m Schmidt-Newtonian; 1.7' tail in p.a. 120 deg);
    10.86, 13.8, 0.7' (C. Harder, Jeersdorf f, 0.531-m Newtonian);
    10.84, 13.8, 1.8' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD; 3.7' tail in p.a. 125 deg);
    10.82, 14.8, 0.9' (M. Lošťák, 0.2-m Newtonian + CCD);
    10.56, 13.5, 0.9' (Y. Yamaguchi, 0.076-m Refractor + CCD);
    10.46, 13.9, 0.8' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    10.38, 13.6, 0.8' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    09.82, 13.9, 0.24' (S. Shurpakov, 0.41-m Newtonian; 1.4' tail in p.a. 117 deg);
    09.56, 13.7, 0.7' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    08.97, 14.1, 0.8' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    08.92, 11.9, 1.5' (J. Gonzalez Suarez, 0.203-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    03.93, 13.9, 1.8' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD; 3.7' tail in p.a. 114 deg);
    02.45, 12.5, 1.1' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    01.92, 13.5, 1.8' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD; 3.7' tail in p.a. 126 deg);
    01.88, 12.5, 0.3' (G. Pappa, Lazio- Italy (remote control), 0.2-m Newtonian + CCD; 1.5' tail);
mar 31.92, 13.7, 1.8' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 2.1' tail in p.a. 125 deg);
    31.92, 14.2, 0.6' (D. Buczynski, Tarbatness MPC Code I81, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    30.86, 13.9, -- (J. Vincent, South Woodham Ferrers UK, 0.305-m Newtonian + CCD);
    29.87, 14.3, 0.38' (N. Quinn, 0.28-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 2' tail in p.a. 121 deg);
    28.89, 14.3, 1.1' (M. Lošťák, 0.2-m Newtonian + CCD);
    28.87, 14.3, 1.8' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD; 3.1' tail in p.a. 126 deg);
    25.93, 13.8, 0.7' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD);

C/2022 L2 (ATLAS)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 21.54, 14.7, 0.7' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    20.48, 14.4, 0.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    19.49, 14.7, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    17.51, 14.4, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    16.49, 14.3, 0.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    14.52, 14.5, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1' tail in p.a. 60 deg);
    13.54, 14.2, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 0.7' tail in p.a. 60 deg);
    11.50, 14.4, 0.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 0.7' tail in p.a. 62 deg);
    10.51, 14.4, 0.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    10.42, 13.9, 0.9' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    09.49, 14.4, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    08.50, 14.8, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    07.46, 13.7, 1.6' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian);
    06.51, 14.7, 0.7' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    05.52, 14.2, 1.1' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    04.50, 14.2, 0.9' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    03.53, 14.4, 0.8' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    02.51, 14.8, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
mar 31.51, 14.4, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    30.52, 14.8, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    29.53, 15.0, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);

C/2022 T1 (Lemmon)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 09.08, 17.5, 0.4' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);

C/2023 A1 (Leonard)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 12.83, 10.4, -- (T. Csorgei, Blahová, 0.28-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);

C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 21.70, 10.8, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD; 1.4' tail in p.a. 101 deg);
    20.91, 11.6, 0.77' (S. Shurpakov, 0.41-m Newtonian; 1.9' tail in p.a. 89 deg);
    20.70, 10.8, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD; 1.7' tail in p.a. 93 deg);
    20.56, 10.4, 1' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.114-m Newtonian);
    20.52, 11.1, 1.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.9' tail in p.a. 90 deg);
    19.94, 10.7, 1.32' (N. James, 0.28-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    19.62, 11.0, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 2.4' tail in p.a. 85 deg);
    18.84, 10.4, 1.8' (H. Kiiskinen, 0.4-m Ritchey-Chretien + CCD; 4.1' tail in p.a. 86 deg);
    18.77, 10.5, 1' (G. Pappa, Namibia (remote control), 0.106-m Refractor + CCD; 2' tail);
    18.73, 10.7, 1.5' (C. Wyatt, 0.25-m Newtonian; 4' tail in p.a. 83 deg);
    18.55, 10.9, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 2.4' tail in p.a. 86 deg);
    18.12, 10.5, -- (G. van Buitenen, Dordrecht, NL (G06), 0.203-m Ritchey-Chretien + CCD);
    17.98, 10.7, 1.5' (M. Phillips, ASERO Trevinca Skies, Spain, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD; 4.9° tail in p.a. 84 deg);
    17.74, 10.9, 1.2' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    17.70, 10.8, 2.2' (A. Pearce, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD);
    17.54, 10.9, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.7' tail in p.a. 82 deg);
    17.04, 10.3, 2' (A. Scholten, Eerbeek, 0.2-m Newtonian);
    17.02, 10.2, 1.7' (M. Collins, Everton, 0.254-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    16.91, 10.5, 1.5' (P. Guzik, 25x100 Binoculars);
    16.71, 10.9, 2.1' (A. Pearce, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD);
    16.54, 11.2, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.9' tail in p.a. 82 deg);
    16.09, 10.6, 2.6' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    16.03, 10.5, 2.3' (D. Buczynski, Tarbatness MPC Code I81, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    15.88, 10.8, 1.1' (D. Heggie, Arrifana, Portugal, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD; 1.2' tail in p.a. 91 deg);
    15.87, 10.4, -- (J. Xiong, Daocheng, China(remote,O40), 0.203-m Newtonian + CCD);
    15.71, 10.8, 2.2' (A. Pearce, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD);
    15.71, 10.7, 0.8' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    15.62, 10.4, -- (J. Xiong, Daocheng, China(remote,O40), 0.203-m Newtonian + CCD);
    15.13, 10.8, 1.8' (M. Mašek, 0.25-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 2' tail in p.a. 85 deg);
    15.13, 10.3, 1.8' (M. Mašek, 0.25-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 2.2' tail in p.a. 80 deg);
    15.06, 10.3, 2.3' (M. Collins, Everton, 0.254-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    14.71, 11.1, 2.1' (A. Pearce, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD);
    14.58, 10.6, 1.5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.114-m Newtonian);
    14.58, 10.6, 1.5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.114-m Newtonian);
    14.54, 10.9, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.7' tail in p.a. 80 deg);
    13.96, 10.7, 1.5' (C. Labordena, Culla, 0.2-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    13.89, 10.6, 2.9' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD; 4.4' tail in p.a. 74 deg);
    13.71, 11.0, 1.9' (A. Pearce, 0.05-m Refractor + CCD; 1.3' tail in p.a. 77 deg);
    13.70, 10.5, -- (J. Xiong, Daocheng, China(remote,O40), 0.203-m Newtonian + CCD);
    13.68, 10.9, 1.3' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    13.62, 10.7, 1.6' (K. Yoshimoto, 0.203-m Ritchey-Chretien + CCD; 3' tail in p.a. 73 deg);
    13.57, 10.7, 1.5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.114-m Newtonian);
    13.57, 10.7, 1.5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.114-m Newtonian);
    13.55, 10.9, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 2.1' tail in p.a. 75 deg);
    13.03, 10.6, 1' (M. Kwinta, 0.3-m Newtonian);
    12.95, 10.7, 3.7' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD; 3.7' tail in p.a. 75 deg);
    12.79, 10.5, -- (J. Xiong, Daocheng, China(remote,O40), 0.203-m Newtonian + CCD);
    12.78, 10.8, 1' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    12.62, 10.6, 1.5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.114-m Newtonian);
    12.62, 10.5, 1.5' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.114-m Newtonian);
    12.52, 11.0, 1' (M. Mattiazzo, Swan Hill, Victoria, 0.2-m Newtonian);
    12.52, 10.9, 1.2' (M. Mattiazzo, Swan Hill, Victoria, 0.28-m Schmidt reflector + CCD);
    12.03, 10.7, 2.2' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    12.03, 11.0, 3.2' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 0.05° tail in p.a. 73 deg);
    12.02, 10.8, 1' (M. Kwinta, 0.3-m Newtonian);
    11.71, 10.6, -- (J. Xiong, Daocheng, China(remote,O40), 0.203-m Newtonian + CCD);
    11.56, 11.0, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 2.3' tail in p.a. 69 deg);
    11.46, 10.8, 1.2' (C. Wyatt, 0.25-m Newtonian; 1.5' tail in p.a. 68 deg);
    11.19, 10.7, 2.5' (M. Goiato, 0.22-m Newtonian);
    11.05, 10.2, 1.7' (W. Kutschera, 0.25-m Newtonian);
    10.98, 10.5, 2.5' (M. Meyer, 0.152-m Refractor);
    10.96, 10.8, 1.5' (M. Mašek, 0.2-m Newtonian);
    10.90, 10.6, 1.2' (A. Kammerer, Voelkersbach (Black Forest), Germany, 0.397-m Newtonian);
    10.88, 10.6, 2' (C. Harder, Jeersdorf f, 0.531-m Newtonian);
    10.87, 10.6, 2.6' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD; 5' tail in p.a. 66 deg);
    10.78, 10.7, 1' (J. Xiong, Daocheng, China(remote,O40), 0.203-m Newtonian + CCD);
    10.74, 10.8, 1' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    10.57, 11.1, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.9' tail in p.a. 68 deg);
    10.44, 11.0, 1' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian; 1.7' tail in p.a. 61 deg);
    10.02, 9.9, 2.1' (M. Collins, Everton, 0.254-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    10.02, 10.9, 1.7' (D. Buczynski, Tarbatness MPC Code I81, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    09.97, 10.7, 1.4' (A. Novichonok, 0.029-m Refractor + CCD; 1.3' tail in p.a. 60 deg);
    09.92, 10.8, 1.5' (P. Guzik, 25x100 Binoculars);
    09.86, 10.5, 0.82' (S. Shurpakov, 0.41-m Newtonian; 0.8' tail in p.a. 65 deg);
    09.82, 10.7, -- (J. Xiong, Daocheng, China(remote,O40), 0.203-m Newtonian + CCD);
    09.60, 10.8, 0.7' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    09.56, 11.1, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD; 1.4' tail in p.a. 66 deg);
    09.33, 11.0, 1.4' (K. Yoshimoto, 0.51-m Newtonian + CCD; 1.8' tail in p.a. 60 deg);
    09.10, 10.8, 2.1' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    09.04, 10.8, 1' (E. Banach, 0.25-m Newtonian);
    08.91, 10.8, 1.5' (P. Guzik, 25x100 Binoculars);
    08.90, 10.6, 1.2' (J. Gonzalez Suarez, 0.203-m Schmidt-Cassegrain);
    08.60, 11.1, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    08.59, 10.8, 2' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.114-m Newtonian);
    07.48, 11.1, 0.7' (C. Wyatt, 0.4-m Newtonian; 2' tail in p.a. 63 deg);
    07.03, 11.3, 2.7' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);
    07.00, 10.8, 2.2' (M. Paradowski, 0.075-m Refractor + CCD);
    06.98, 10.8, 2.2' (M. Paradowski, 0.075-m Refractor + CCD);
    06.98, 11.4, -- (S. Purabiya, Ahmedabad, 0.153-m Ritchey-Chretien + CCD);
    06.97, 10.9, 2.2' (M. Paradowski, 0.075-m Refractor + CCD);
    06.91, 10.8, 1.5' (P. Guzik, 25x100 Binoculars);
    06.58, 11.3, 1.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    05.88, 10.9, 1.5' (P. Guzik, 25x100 Binoculars);
    05.63, 10.9, 1' (J. Pile, San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, 0.114-m Newtonian);
    05.58, 11.2, 1.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    04.86, 10.9, 1.5' (P. Guzik, 25x100 Binoculars);
    04.58, 11.4, 1.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    04.57, 11.3, 1' (M. Mattiazzo, Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia, 0.07-m Camera lens + CCD);
    03.95, 10.9, 3.7' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD);
    03.74, 11.2, 1.1' (J. Xiong, Daocheng, China(remote,O40), 0.203-m Newtonian + CCD);
    03.59, 11.5, 1.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    03.08, 11.5, 2.8' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 2' tail in p.a. 31 deg);
    02.67, 11.2, -- (J. Xiong, Daocheng, China(remote,O40), 0.203-m Newtonian + CCD);
    02.62, 11.4, 1.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    01.59, 11.7, 1.2' (O. Miyazaki, 0.32-m Newtonian);
    01.59, 11.4, 1.4' (Y. Yamaguchi, 0.076-m Refractor + CCD);
mar 31.96, 11.2, 1.5' (D. Buczynski, Tarbatness MPC Code I81, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    31.74, 11.2, 0.8' (J. Xiong, Daocheng, China(remote,O40), 0.203-m Newtonian + CCD);
    31.60, 11.5, 1.3' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    31.48, 11.5, 1' (M. Mattiazzo, Swan Hill, Victoria, 0.28-m Schmidt reflector + CCD);
    31.17, 11.6, -- (S. Purabiya, Ahmedabad, 0.153-m Ritchey-Chretien + CCD);
    30.80, 11.3, 0.9' (J. Xiong, Daocheng, China(remote,O40), 0.203-m Newtonian + CCD);
    30.60, 11.6, 1.3' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    29.07, 11.7, 1.6' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD; 0.7' tail in p.a. 5 deg);
    28.92, 11.1, 1.8' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD);
    28.83, 11.5, 0.9' (J. Xiong, Daocheng, China(remote,O40), 0.203-m Newtonian + CCD);

C/2023 C2 (ATLAS)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 20.54, 14.9, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    19.88, 15.3, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    18.60, 15.2, 0.6' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    17.56, 15.5, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    16.57, 15.3, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    14.57, 14.8, 0.4' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    13.61, 15.4, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    11.57, 15.6, 0.5' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    09.58, 15.4, 0.4' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
    08.60, 15.6, 0.4' (A. Pearce, 0.35-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD);
mar 31.44, 15.0, 1' (M. Mattiazzo, Swan Hill, Victoria, 0.28-m Schmidt reflector + CCD);

C/2023 H5 (Lemmon)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 10.89, 17.5, 0.4' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD);
    03.96, 17.0, 0.4' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD);
mar 28.94, 17.5, 0.6' (S. Fritsche, Koeditz, 0.1-m Refractor + CCD);

C/2023 S3 (Lemmon)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 12.09, 15.0, 1.5' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    09.14, 14.6, 1.5' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);

C/2023 T3 (Fuls)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
mar 27.96, 17.9, 0.38' (K. Hills, 0.5-m Newtonian + CCD);

C/2024 C4 (ATLAS)
Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2024
apr 18.79, 16.5, 0.3' (K. Yoshimoto, 0.203-m Ritchey-Chretien + CCD; 0.8' tail in p.a. 205 deg);
    18.14, 16.7, -- (G. van Buitenen, Dordrecht, NL (G06), 0.203-m Ritchey-Chretien + CCD);
    16.17, 16.2, 0.9' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    13.11, 15.1, 0.7' (P. Dekelver, 0.3-m Newtonian + CCD);
    12.07, 16.0, 0.8' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);
    09.12, 15.0, 1.5' (P. Carson, PGC Observatory Z10, Fregenal de la sierra, Spain, 0.315-m Cassegrain reflector + CCD);